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Lloyd Shapley
Lloyd Stowell Shapley (born June 2, 1923) is a distinguished American mathematician and Nobel Prize–winning economist. He is a Professor Emeritus at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), affiliated with departments of Mathematics and Economics. He has contributed to the fields of mathematical economics and especially game theory.
Since the work of von Neumann and Morgenstern in 1940s, Shapley has been regarded by many experts as the very personification of game theory.〔''The Shapley Value: Essays in honor of Lloyd S. Shapley,'' A.E. Roth, ed., Cambridge University Press, 1988.〕〔''Stochastic Games and Related Topics: In Honor of Professor L. S. Shapley,'' T. E. S. Raghavan, T. S. Ferguson, T. Parthasarathy and O. J. Vrieze, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.〕〔(R. Aumann's Nobel Lecture ). R. Aumann considers L.S. Shapley to be the greatest game theorist of all time.〕 With Alvin E. Roth, Shapley won the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."〔(Official announcement at Nobelprize.org )〕
==Life and career==
Lloyd Shapley was born on June 2, 1923, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, one of the sons of Martha (Betz) and the distinguished astronomer Harlow Shapley, both from Missouri.〔http://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/27/obituaries/martha-betz-shapley.html〕 He attended Phillips Exeter Academy and was a student at Harvard when he was drafted in 1943. He served in the Army Air Corps in Chengdu, China and received the Bronze Star decoration for breaking the Soviet weather code.〔http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2012/shapley-interview.html〕 After the war, he returned to Harvard and graduated with an A.B. in mathematics in 1948. After working for one year at the RAND Corporation, he went to Princeton University where he received a Ph.D. in 1953. His thesis and post-doctoral work introduced the Shapley value and the core solution in game theory. After graduating, he remained at Princeton for a short time before going back to the RAND corporation from 1954 to 1981. Since 1981 he has been a professor at UCLA.
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